Ardebil Province Geographical
Area Ardebil province was previously considered part of East Azerbaijan province on geographical maps, but over the past three decades, it has become an independent province (Azarpad and Hashemi Razavi, 1372, p. 258). The province is bordered to the north by Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the east by the Talesh and Hashtrud mountains and Gilan province, to the south by Zanjan, and to the west by East Azerbaijan province.
Due to the mountainous nature of this province, its favorable climate, and geographical conditions, animal husbandry—especially sheep farming of various breeds—is widespread. The name Ardebil literally means "high place." In addition to the city of Ardebil, cities and villages such as Pileh, Sivar, Parsabad, Givi, Khalkhal, Germi, Meshgin Shahr, and Namin are part of Ardebil Province.
The rural residents and nomads, using sheep's wool and thread imported from Tabriz and other regions, are engaged in carpet weaving, which is a common and long-established craft in the area. Carpet weaving in the Ardebil region, due to its style and technique, as well as its historical roots, can be considered part of the Azerbaijani carpet weaving tradition, regardless of geographical boundaries.
Today, because carpet weaving is one of the most important sources of income for the local community and a significant production activity in Ardebil, this craft has flourished in the province. This boom has made Ardebil carpets highly sought after both domestically and internationally (Sabahi, 1390, p. 300).
Carpet weaving in Ardebil province can be divided into three categories: urban weaving, rural weaving, and nomadic weaving. Urban weaving is mainly centered in the city of Ardebil and is distinguished by the designs of the carpets produced, which often feature intricate patterns.
The dominant design in urban weaving in Ardebil is a repeated pattern known as the "Mahi" (fish) motif. In rural weaving, carpet production is widespread in most village carpets of Ardebil. The main period of activity for rural weaving corresponds to the agricultural off-season, from early autumn to late winter.
Therefore, with the arrival of warmer weather and the villagers' engagement in agriculture, carpet production decreases accordingly. Most of the weavers in rural areas are women and girls. Rural carpets are typically produced with simple, geometric designs.
The nomadic weaving sector is limited to the nomads who migrate to Ardebil during the warm season for summer pastures. In this sector, like in rural weaving, women and girls are the primary weavers. Carpets in this sector are not woven solely for income but are also made for personal use.
One characteristic of the carpets produced in this region is that all stages of production, from wool spinning to dyeing, are carried out by the nomads themselves, specifically by the women. In this sector, warping is done on small, horizontal looms, and the carpets produced have low density and knot counts. Additionally, the warp threads are made of wool, and these carpets are referred to as "all-wool" carpets (Bahrami, 1398).
Historical and Artistic Legacy of Ardebil
Ardebil, a city with a long and rich history of culture, has always been one of the significant centers of Iran due to its geographical location and historical importance, serving as a host to various civilizations.
Ancient History
- Pre-Islamic Era: The historical roots of Ardebil date back to pre-Islamic times. In ancient times, it was recognized as one of the key centers of Azerbaijan.
- Islamic Era: With the advent of Islam in Iran, Ardebil maintained its significance and became one of the important centers of Shi'ism in the region.
- Safavid Dynasty: One of the most notable historical events for Ardebil is the rise of the Safavid dynasty. Sheikh Safi al-Din Ardebili, the great ancestor of this dynasty, is buried in the city, and his mausoleum has become a major pilgrimage site for Shiites.
- Qajar Era and Beyond: During the Qajar period and afterward, Ardebil was recognized as one of the significant cultural and commercial cities of Iran.
A Treasure Trove of Historical and Artistic Monuments
Due to its rich history, Ardebil is home to numerous valuable historical and artistic monuments, including:
- Sheikh Safi al-Din Ardebili's Mausoleum: This magnificent mausoleum is one of the most beautiful examples of Islamic architecture in Iran and is of great historical and artistic importance.
- Jameh Mosque of Ardebil: This ancient mosque is one of the oldest in Iran and features a simple yet beautiful architectural style.
- Shah Abbas Caravanserai: Built during the Safavid era, this caravanserai is a fine example of Iranian caravanserai architecture.
- Roudshir Castle: This historic castle is one of the oldest in Iran and is significant for its military architecture.
- Museums: Ardebil has several museums that house valuable historical and artistic artifacts.
The people of Ardebil have a rich and diverse culture, rooted in the region's history and geography. Ardebil’s handicrafts, music, literature, and local cuisine reflect the cultural identity of the region.
Natural Attractions
In addition to its historical and artistic sites, Ardebil boasts stunning natural attractions. Mount Sabalan, one of the most beautiful mountains in Iran, is located near Ardebil. The hot springs of Sarein are another major natural attraction in the region.
The Tradition of Carpet Weaving in Ardebil
Carpet weaving in Ardebil has deep roots in the city's ancient history and is one of its most important handicrafts and arts. Ardebil carpets are renowned worldwide for their beautiful designs, vibrant colors, and durable craftsmanship, representing an ancient art form.
A Brief History of Carpet Weaving in Ardebil
Carpet weaving in Ardebil has been practiced for centuries and remains a significant cultural and economic activity in the province. From nomadic traditions to urban workshops, the artistry of Ardebil carpets reflects the fusion of heritage, craftsmanship, and creativity.
