Area Ardebil province was previously considered part of East Azerbaijan province on geographical maps, but over the past three decades, it has become an independent province (Azarpad and Hashemi Razavi, 1372, p. 258). The province is bordered to the north by Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the east by the Talesh and Hashtrud mountains and Gilan province, to the south by Zanjan, and to the west by East Azerbaijan province.