Kashan Persian Rugs

Kashan Handwoven Carpets — History, Art, and Design

Geographical Region

The geographical area of Kashan and Kashan rugs is located in the northern part of Isfahan province, at 51°27′E longitude and 33°59′N latitude. Kashan is bordered to the north by Nain County, to the east by Semnan, to the west by Faridan, and to the south by Isfahan County. The Dasht-e Loot Desert lies to the south of Kashan, and the Zagros Mountains to the north.

The Etymology of Kashan

Many believe that the name Kashan comes from "ka" and "shan," meaning fortress and land, respectively — symbolizing "a fortress in the land." Others trace it to "ki" and "ashan," meaning "the location of Kianian kings." Historical sources list early names like Daryacheh Chahar Hasaran. Some suggest it originated from the Kas tribe, gradually changing to Kashu and later Kashan.

Known as "Darolmomenin" (House of the Faithful), the city of flowers and rosewater, and the capital of the world's carpets, Kashan is regarded as one of the oldest cradles of civilization, with a history spanning over 7,000 years. It contains over 1,700 historical monuments, 333 of which are nationally registered.

Historical and Artistic Background of Kashan

Kashan's rich artistic legacy dates back to the Safavid and Seljuk eras. During the Safavid era, Kashan became a leading center of art, producing exquisite textiles such as velvet, silk atlas, and carpets. Renowned works include the Sheikh Safi carpets by Maqsud Kashani and the famous Polonaise (Lhasa) carpets woven with gold and silver threads.

Haji Molla Hasan Mohtashami, a pioneer in silk carpet weaving in the 19th century, revolutionized Kashan's carpet industry, creating luxurious silk carpets admired worldwide and establishing Kashan's modern reputation in carpet weaving.

Kashan carpets reflect the city's historic artistry—combining fine weaving, balanced design, and symbolic motifs. These masterpieces have graced palaces from Tehran to Europe since the Safavid period.

Carpet Weaving in the Kashan Region

Carpet weaving in Kashan and nearby towns such as Aran, Bidgol, Ghamsar, and Natanz represents the pinnacle of fine Persian craftsmanship. While other regions imitate Kashan patterns, genuine Kashan rugs stand out for their high density, balance, and elegant designs like Lachak, Toranj, and Afshan.

Color and Dyeing in Kashan Carpets

Kashan is home to numerous dyeing workshops using both natural and synthetic dyes. The dominant hues include lacquer red, indigo blue, turquoise, beige, ivory, and pistachio green. In modern times, cream and beige backgrounds have become more popular than the traditional red.

Design and Patterns of Kashan Carpets

Kashan carpets display an array of patterns—from Lachak-Toranj and Afshan to Shikargah and Gol Farang. Floral and Mihrabi motifs featuring Shah Abbasi flowers are common. Kashan's artistry can be categorized into four eras: Classic Safavid, Qajar (Broken Branch), Integration of Classic & Foreign Styles, and Modern Classic (Pahlavi onward).

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Texture and Size of Kashan Carpets

Kashan carpets are double-wefted, woven with asymmetric knots at a density of 30–40 knots per inch. Cotton is used for the warp, and fine wool or silk for the pile. Common sizes include 6, 9, and 12 meters. Larger pieces—up to 40 meters—are also crafted, showcasing Kashan's excellence in grand formats.

Great Designers of Kashan Carpets

Notable masters include Haj Molla Hasan Mohtasham, Seyyed Mohammad Mir Alavi, Mohammad Taqi Poshti-Baf, and Master Seyyed Amir Hossein Afsari, whose works bridge ancient Persian motifs with modern refinement. The Afsari family remains one of the most respected names in the world of fine handmade carpets.

Summary of Kashan Carpet Features:

Persian weaving style (asymmetric knots)
Double-weft, pile weave construction
Cotton warps and high-quality wool or silk pile
Medallion and corner (Toranj-Lachak) patterns dominate
Classic harmony of red, blue, and cream color tones

Kashan carpets are among the finest examples of Persian artistry—where elegance, precision, and cultural depth come together in every thread. Discover the Kashan Collection at Rugeast for authentic handmade masterpieces.